Bibliometrics analysis based on the Web of Science: Current trends and perspective of gastric organoid during 2010-2023.

BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional organoid culture systems have been established as a robust tool for elucidating mechanisms and performing drug efficacy testing. The use of gastric organoid models holds significant promise for advancing personalized medicine research. However, a comprehensive bibliometric review of this bur-geoning field has not yet been published. AIM: To analyze and understand the development, impact, and direction of gastric organoid research using bibliometric methods using data from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. METHODS: This analysis encompassed literature pertaining to gastric organoids published between 2010 and 2023, as indexed in the WoSCC. CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used to depict network maps illustrating collaborations among authors, institutions and keywords related to gastric organoid. Citation, co-citation, and burst analysis methodologies were applied to assess the impact and progress of research. RESULTS: A total of 656 relevant studies were evaluated. The majority of research was published in gastroenterology-focused journals. Globally, Yana Zavros, Hans Clevers, James M Wells, Sina Bartfeld, and Chen Zheng were the 5 most productive authors, while Hans Clevers, Huch Meritxell, Johan H van Es, Marc Van de Wetering, and Sato Toshiro were the foremost influential scientists in this area. Institutions from the University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands Institute for Developmental Biology (Utrecht), and University of Cincinnati (Cincinnati, OH, United States) made the most significant contributions. Currently, gastric organoids are used mainly in studies investigating gastric cancer (GC), Helicobacter pylori-infective gastritis, with a focus on the mechanisms of GC, and drug screening tests. CONCLUSION: Key focus areas of research using gastric organoids include unraveling disease mechanisms and enhancing drug screening techniques. Major contributions from renowned academic institutions highlight this field's dynamic growth.

The dual role of osteopontin in acetaminophen hepatotoxicity.

AIM: Osteopontin (OPN), a multifunctional protein, has been reported to be protoxicant in acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. In this study, the mechanisms underlying the detrimental role of OPN in acetaminophen toxicity were explored. METHODS: Male C57BL/6 (wild-type, WT) and OPN(-/-) mice were administered with acetaminophen (500 mg/kg, ip). After the treatment, serum transaminase (ALT), as well as OPN expression, histology changes, oxidative stress and inflammation response in liver tissue were studied. Freshly isolated hepatocytes of WT and OPN(-/-) mice were prepared. RESULTS: Acetaminophen administration significantly increased OPN protein level in livers of WT mice. OPN expression was mainly localized in hepatic macrophages 6 h after the administration. In OPN(-/-) mice, acetaminophen-induced serum ALT release was reduced, but the centrilobular hepatic necrosis was increased. In OPN(-/-) mice, the expression of CYP2E1 and CYP1A2 in livers was significantly increased; GSH depletion and lipid peroxidation in livers were enhanced. On the other hand, OPN(-/-) mice exhibited less macrophage and neutrophil infiltration and reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1α in livers. An anti-OPN neutralizing antibody significantly reduced acetaminophen-induced serum ALT level and inflammatory infiltration in livers of WT mice. CONCLUSION: OPN plays a dual role in acetaminophen toxicity: OPN in hepatocytes inhibits acetaminophen metabolism, while OPN in macrophages enhances acetaminophen toxicity via recruitment of inflammatory cells and production of proinflammatory cytokines.

Effectiveness and safety of macrolides in cystic fibrosis patients: a meta-analysis and systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of macrolides in cystic fibrosis (CF). METHODS: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of macrolides for the treatment of CF published in PubMed, the Cochrane Library and Embase were searched. Application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, data extraction, and assessment of methodological quality were independently performed in duplicate. The primary efficacy outcome was the impact on the deterioration of lung function (changes in FEV(1) and FVC). Safety outcomes included adverse events and mortality. RESULTS: Eight RCTs (seven with azithromycin and one with clarithromycin) were found in the systematic review and six RCTs with azithromycin (654 patients) were included in the meta-analysis. Azithromycin treatment showed a significant increase in FEV(1)% (3.22%, 95% CI = 1.38-5.06, P = 0.0006, I(2) = 0%) and FVC% (3.23%, 95% CI = 1.62-4.85, P < 0.0001, I(2) = 0%) compared with placebo. In individuals with baseline Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization, both FEV(1)% (4.80%, 95% CI = 1.66-7.94, P = 0.003, I(2) = 42%) and FVC% (4.74%, 95% CI = 1.92-7.57, P = 0.001, I(2) = 0%) increased significantly. The incidence rates of the main side effects (cough, headache, abdominal pain, vomiting, nausea and diarrhoea) were not significantly different between the azithromycin-treated group and the placebo group. The RCT of clarithromycin, involving 18 patients, showed its effects on clinical improvement; however, the small sample size made comparisons with azithromycin difficult. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term use of azithromycin can improve lung function, especially for P. aeruginosa-colonized CF patients. There was no evidence of increased adverse events with azithromycin. More data are needed to verify the best azithromycin regimen and to evaluate other macrolides in CF patients.

Iron-Depletion prevents biofilm formation in Pseudomonas Aeruginosa through twitching mobility and quorum sensing.

Influence of iron-depletion on twitching motility and quorum sensing (QS) system in P. aeruginosa was evaluated. The results demonstrated iron-depletion can retard biofilm formation and increase the twitching motility and expression of QS-related genes, suggesting a potential interaction between twitching motility and QS system in P. aeruginosa biofilm formation.

Effects of iron depletion on antimicrobial activities against planktonic and biofilm Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

OBJECTIVES: Iron plays an important role in the development of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm. Here we evaluated effects of iron depletion on the antimicrobial activity of ceftazidime, tobramycin and ciprofloxacin against planktonic and biofilm Pseudomonas aeruginosa. METHODS: We tested the sensitivities of wild-type PAO1, type-IV pilus mutant PAO-DeltapilHIJK and the quorum-sensing mutant PAO-JP2 P. aeruginosa planktonic cultures and biofilms to antibiotics under iron-depleted conditions. KEY FINDINGS: In planktonic bacteria, the minimum concentration that inhibited visible growth (MIC) of ciprofloxacin was increased slightly in an iron-depleted environment in all three strains, whereas the MIC of tobramycin was similar in iron-depleted and control environments. The MIC of ceftazidime increased in the PAO-JP2 strain when iron was depleted. Tobramycin achieved the best bactericidal effect in biofilms. Viable counts were reduced by one log under iron-depleted conditions in all three strains when tobramycin reached 4 MIC and when ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin reached 8 MIC. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that once the biofilm is formed, iron depletion may only slightly promote the bactericidal effect of antibiotics on PAO1, PAO-DeltapilHIJK and PAO-JP2. Although these changes were relatively small, iron as one of the environmental factors should not be ignored when evaluating bactericidal effect of antibiotics. The combination of an iron chelator and antibiotics may have therapeutic value under certain bacterial growth conditions.

[Antitumor effect of polysaccharides from cactus pear fruit in S180-bearing mice].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Polysaccharide components of some traditional Chinese medicine have certain antitumor effects and can promote immune responses. Extractions from cactus pear fruit can inhibit the proliferation of cervical cancer, ovary cancer and bladder cancer cells, and suppress the growth of ovarian cancer in mice. This study was to observe the antitumor effect of polysaccharides extracted from cactus pear fruit in S180-bearing mice. METHODS: S180-bearing mice were established and divided into five groups: normal saline (NS) group, cyclophosphamide (CTX) group, high, middle and low dose of polysaccharide groups. Tumor inhibition rates, values of thymus index, spleen index, superoxide dismutase (SOD), maleic dialdehyde (MDA) and nitrogen monoxidum (NO) were recorded. Changes in ultra-structures of tumor cells under transmission electron microscopy were observed. RESULTS: The tumor inhibition rates in CTX group, high, middle and low dose groups were 7.78%, 31.13%%, 49.70%, 61.07%, respectively. The thymus index was significantly higher in middle and high dose groups than in NS group [(2.61+/-0.43) mg x g(-1) and (2.65+/-0.73) mg x g(-1) vs. (2.22+/-0.24) mg x g(-1), P<0.05]. The spleen index of high dose group was higher than that of NS group [(6.45+/-0.97) mg x g(-1) vs. (5.42+/-1.13) mg x g(-1),P<0.05]. SOD of middle and high dose groups [(303.12+/-13.03) U/mL and (310.03+/-18.02) U/mL] were higher than that of NS group [(280.12+/-10.01) U/mL](P<0.05). MDA was lower in low, middle and high dose groups [(6.56+/-0.75) nmol/mL, (6.24+/-1.03) nmol/mL and (5.78+/-0.90) nmol/mL, respectively] than that in NS group [(7.39+/-0.51) nmol/mL] (P<0.05). NO was lower in low, middle and high dose groups [(56.12+/-8.60) micromol/L, (50.12+/-10.05) micromol/L, (48.06+/-8.45) micromol/L respectively] than in NS group [(64.14+/-1.25) micromol/L](P<0.05). Under electron microscopy, polysaccharide or CTX treated tumor cells showed typical morphology of early apoptosis with condensed chromatin at the margins of nuclei, disintegrated nucleolus and vacuoles in the cytoplasm. CONCLUSION: Polysaccharides extracted from cactus pear fruit possess certain antitumor effects, which can induce apoptosis, increase antioxidation and promote immune responses.